This woman likely would experience anxiety of greater intensity and duration than would a 21-year-old college junior who is having trouble finding a date for the annual social. For example, suppose a single woman in her late 30s who wishes to marry is concerned about the possibility of having to settle for a spouse who is less attractive and educated than desired. Most individuals’ level and duration of anxiety approximates the magnitude of the potential threat they face. Anxiety also motivates us to avoid certain things-such as running up debts and engaging in illegal activities-that could lead to future trouble. Anxiety motivates us to take actions-such as preparing for exams, watching our weight, showing up to work on time-that enable us to avert potential future problems. While anxiety is unpleasant to most people, it is important to our health, safety, and well-being. Fear involves an instantaneous reaction to an imminent threat, whereas anxiety involves apprehension, avoidance, and cautiousness regarding a potential threat, danger, or other negative event (Craske, 1999). Although anxiety is closely related to fear, the two states possess important differences. Describe basic psychological and biological factors that are suspected to be important in the etiology of anxiety disorderĮverybody experiences anxiety from time to time.List and describe the major anxiety disorders, including their main features and prevalence.Distinguish normal anxiety from pathological anxiety.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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